IEEE 1827-2016 pdf free

IEEE 1827-2016 pdf free.IEEE Guide for Electrical and Control Design of Hydroelectric Water Conveyance Facilities.
Devices and instruments used should be capable of operating under all expected environmental conditions. Installation should also include any protective shrouds to reduce damage from snow, ice, brush, or other debris.
Field device specifications should include heavy duty and oil tight characteristics, corrosion ratings, quantity, rating. type of contacts, NEMA 4X or 6P rating. UL listing, operator lever type, type of material (e.g., steel, stainless steel), operating temperature range. copper or fiber optic leads, side or top mount, standard and extended operating ranges, installation instructions, and surge protection.
Much of the electrical supply system may be located outdoors and exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The following should be considered during the design and installation:
a) Extreme high water, flood conditions: Power cables should be protected from flooding for the worst water conditions or designed for underwater service. The effects of seiche should be included. Underwater cable entrance and egress points should be designed for the maximum high level/flow conditions. Panels, junction boxes, and cables should be designed with the appropriate NFMA 250 [1321] or IEC 60529 (B 121 weather rating, oriented to prevent flooding, and equipped with passive drains to remove excess water.
b) Extreme cold: Friction may increase with low temperatures, increasing loads on motors to the point where they may trip on overload or stall. Motors may need to be sued or specific torque curves used to meet load demands with adequate safety margins. Equipment, oils, greases, etc., should be evaluated for reliable operation in the coldest conditions to be encountered. Some electronic equipment becomes unreliable or inoperable at low temperatures or can be susceptible to condensation and may require local heaters. Heat sources should be on reliable power supplies. Continuous monitoring of electrical circuits is recommended (e.g.. current monitoring). Redundant power sources should be considered. Heaters for buildings, gates, gate guides. gearboxes, and other items should be considered. For further details see the Guidelines for Inspection and Evaluation, 2012.
c) Electrical storms: Lightning can disrupt power and cause surges to remote equipment. Surge protection and proven grounding practices should be used to reduce damage. Lightning can disrupt power and communications to remote equipment. Lightning may cause safety issues for personnel. Equipment grounding should include appropriate measures for personnel protection. Step and touch potentials should be considered for operation of this equipment where lightning may occur. Lightning may also cause elevated local ground potential affecting electronic equipment. To protect equipment. design engineers can install direct stroke lightning shielding. Refer to IEEE Sid 998. Surge protection devices and common mode voltage immunity may be required. Refer to IEEE Std 80, IEEE Std 1050. and IEEE Std 1692 for further information. Refer to NFPA 78() for installation of lighting protection systems.
d) Snow and ice: Snow and ice loading should be considered in the design of any mounting, structures, cabinets, cable routing, surfaces, or housings. Structures and equipment near bodies of water may experience ice loading higher than normal for the area. Water spray or wind, coupled with cold temperatures can create high ice loadings in short amounts of time. Access for maintenance and operation may be restricted by ice buildup. Covers, snow screens, or local heating systems may be required to keep control equipment operational. Power and communications cable support. protection. and routing should consider extreme ice loading in cold climates. Snow and ice may adversely impact operation or exceed equipment design limitations. Conduit air vent heaters should be employed to maintain operation under iced conditions.
Anti-icing bubbler systems may be utilized to reduce ice buildup on trash racks, level sensing equipment, submerged gates, and other structures. These systems are used to entrain air into the water upstream of a surface to prevent formation of ice.IEEE 1827 pdf download.